![]() ![]() Validity stance regards the overall score by the scale as if it were the external criterion validity is interested in that item-to-total correlation, rather than in how well items duplicate each other. The lesser is the error the more item-item homogeneous is the scale. Reliability stance believes that the measured trait is simple, unifactor structure each item measures it and just it + is liable to some random error. They seem to be two different (and perhaps competitive) paradigms about correlations observed among the items constituting the scale. ![]() As seen for example with the term "internal consistency"$^1$. Often seen as two different facets of an instrument functioning, reliability and validity sometimes are difficult to separate conceptually from each other. Reliability of a psychometric scale is its correlation with its own "true" score, and uncorrelation with extraneous random factors. Validity of a psychometric scale is its correlation with the trait supposed being measured (called criterion), and uncorrelation with extraneous systematic factors. ![]()
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